Born in Stuttgart, he was son of the painter Victor Peter Heideloff. Heideloff initially studied at the Stuttgart Academy of Arts, then spent five years working as an architect in Coburg.
In 1818 he was appointed as the city architect for Nuremberg, and in 1822 he became a professor of architecture at the polytechnic school there, a post he held until 1854.
Heideloff principally worked in the Gothic style of architecture, and the buildings restored and erected by him at Nuremberg and in its neighborhood attest to both his original skill and his purity of taste.
During this time he was also chosen as conservator of artistic monuments.
He also achieved some success as a painter of watercolors. Heideloff died at Hassfurt in 1865.